Each organization must take into account the inventories included in the working capital of the enterprise. Usually they are designed to ensure the production process or participate in it for a period of not more than one cycle, after which they are fully or partially included in the price of the goods.
Inventory accounting begins with settlement documents received from suppliers of products regarding payment of raw materials or materials on the basis of a bilateral agreement concluded earlier. Thus, the buyer enterprise receives a certain set of accompanying documents obliging them to transfer the amount of money indicated in them to the supplier’s account. Such documents include an invoice, a payment order request, transport invoices, etc. All inventory items and any movement should be reflected in accounting, that is, their receipt and disposal are recorded in specialized books. All pages of each book of account must be laced, numbered, certified with the seal of the enterprise. Often they are stored in the safe of the chief accountant, and after use they are handed over to the archive for at least five years.
The stock of materials also keeps records of all incoming and outgoing goods. In this case, the storekeeper is obliged to save all the primary documentation, make the necessary entries in his working documents, and then transfer the primary to the accounting department. As a rule, the transfer of documentation to the accounting department is carried out within the time period set by the enterprise, but at least once a week. Inventory values are recorded in the “Materials” account, and their receipt is reflected in the debit, and retirement - in the loan. If the company acquires goods and materials, then the credit of the account “Settlements with accountable persons” reflects a similar amount (when settling for cash at the cash desk or for transferring funds non-cash). If they are produced thanks to their own subsidiary plots, then the account “Auxiliary production” is used for the loan.
As a rule, inventory items are issued from a warehouse for on-farm use or participation in the production process. In most cases, the write-off of goods and materials from the warehouse implies in-plant movement of materials. In this case, standard unified forms of documents are used, for example, picking lists, limit-fence cards, cutting cards. In addition, the issuance of any raw materials is carried out only within the limit established by the accounting policy. If extradition is required beyond this limit, the storekeeper may sell it only with the permission of the director, engineer or other authorized person.
All enterprises regularly carry out an inventory of inventory items. It is carried out by a specially formed commission for this on the basis of an appropriate order signed by the head. Inventory involves a piecewise recount of all materials present in the warehouse, and a reconciliation of the received data with the available figures in the documents.