The 220V electric motor is a simple and widespread device. Due to this voltage, it is often used in household appliances. However, it is not without flaws. We will talk about what these electric motors are like, about their application, disadvantages and ways to solve problems, as well as about the possibility of connecting to the network in an article.
Single phase devices. Description
Consider an asynchronous electric motor 220V, 2.2 kW, single-phase at 3000 rpm. Such electric motors can be in the eightieth or ninety case.
The first view means that there is a distance of eighty millimeters from the engine mounting area to the center of its shaft. The diameter of the shaft will be twenty-two millimeters, and the key will be six by six millimeters. The shaft will be fifty millimeters long and weigh about twenty-two kilograms.
The ninetieth case means that from the location of the motor to the center of the shaft there is a distance of ninety millimeters. The gross diameter is twenty-four millimeters, and the key is seven by eight millimeters. The length will be fifty millimeters, and the weight is almost twenty-two kilograms.
Factories producing an electric motor 220V with such parameters are:
- Mogilev Electromechanical Plant (model AIRE 80C2).
- Luninetsky "Polesieelektromash" (models AIRE80D2 and AIRE 90L2).
- Yaroslavl "Eldin" (model RAE90L2).
- Mednogorsk Uralelectro (model ADME80C2).
Problems and their solution
All these models become household due to electric motors operating at 220 volts. They are mounted on machines for polishing parquet, paving, woodworking machines, crushers, compressor and drilling rigs and so on. The disadvantage of AIRE is that they have a weak starting torque.
We can consider, as an example, a 220V electric motor in compressor units AIRE80S2. Pressure from an empty receiver will be typed here without any problems. Take the upper limit of ten atmospheres, upon reaching which the motor will turn off. Air will be consumed from six to eight units of atmospheric pressure.
But when the compressor automation commands to turn on, then AIRE80 or 90 cannot start and just buzz. This residual pressure of the receiver presses on the pistons, preventing the motor from spinning. And this happens not only on the compressor. Any 220V AIRE single-phase asynchronous motor will have a similar problem. To solve it, it is recommended to install an additional capacitor, which should only work to start the engine, that is, about two to three seconds. If the equipment works only on one switching mode, then the PNVS button can be installed. Then, by holding it, two capacitors will start working immediately, and when released, the additional mechanism will turn off.
If automatic equipment is used for switching on, it is necessary to assemble the circuit taking into account the time relay and the starter from the magnet.
Connection
In the house, an electrical network of 220 volts is the most convenient source of power for household appliances. Some engines can work directly from it, while others require additional equipment.
Usually there is no question of how to connect a 220V single-phase asynchronous motor. It is simply connected to the network. But the disadvantage here is that the efficiency will be very small.
Instructions for different types of device
For the operation of a two-phase motor, two parts will be required: a paper capacitor of at least five hundred watts and a step-down automatic transformer, since most of these electric motors operate at one hundred and ten watts. For a winding with a direct connection, you just need to supply the desired voltage, and to the other through the capacitor. But only paper types are permissible.
Three-phase electric motors are not designed for capacitors. Therefore, they are allowed to be used only at the smallest loads. Otherwise, the windings will simply burn out. The rated load must be supplied from a real three-phase network.
If it is necessary to connect a universal collector motor with series excitation, the winding is connected to the collector-brush assembly. After loading the shaft with the device with which the engine will work, the necessary voltage is supplied.
Typically, DC motors are low voltage. Therefore, to connect an electric motor of 3000 rpm. min 220V, it is necessary to apply an appropriate power supply with a transformer and a rectifier.
Three-phase motor connection
Currently, there are already cases when motorists use an electric motor. If it is necessary to replace or repair it, the question may arise about how to connect the electric motor to the 220V network. A three-phase motor can easily be activated without calling a specialist, using the recommendations below.
As tools, a screwdriver, thermal relay, insulation tape, machine, magnetic starter and tester can be useful.
detailed instructions
The old motor is removed and the neutral wire is marked with electrical tape. If it is reinstalled, then the neutral wire can be easily determined using the indicator. At the end, its light will not light up.
The new engine is added valves with a magnetic starter, as well as with a gun and a thermal relay. The fittings are installed in the shield.
The thermal relay is connected to the starter. Choosing the latter, you need to be sure that it corresponds to the power of the motor.
Reinforcing input leads are connected to the terminals of the machine, except for the neutral wire. The output terminals connect to the same thermal relay. At the output of the starter connect a cable that goes directly to the motor.
With a power of less than one kilowatt, the machine can be connected without a magnetic starter.
To connect the electric motor, remove the cover. On the terminal block, the leads will be connected in the shape of a triangle or star. The ends of the cable are connected to the pads. In the form of a star, the contacts are connected alternately.
If the conclusions are randomly arranged, then use a tester. It is connected to the ends, looking for windings. After that, they are connected as in the shape of a star, and the conclusions of the coils are collected at a point. The remaining ends connect the cable.
Cover the engine with a lid and check the operation of the mechanism. If the shaft does not rotate in the direction in which it is necessary, any wires at the input are simply swapped.