Battalions are the main combined-arms tactical units of brigades, which include various combat missions. Also, according to experts, battalions can operate independently. One of the most combat-ready are motorized rifle troops (MSV). Information on the organizational structure of the motorized rifle battalion can be found in this article.
History
Peter I introduced the battalion as an integral part of the regiment into the Russian army. The term “battalion” comes from the word “battles”. Previously, he designated a certain order in the construction of troops. In the XV century, the cavalry or infantrymen, who were placed in the form of a closed square on the battlefield, were called the battalion. The number of soldiers in the battalion was not constant and ranged from 1 to 10 thousand people. In the XVII century, the number was 800-1000 soldiers. One battalion was equipped with 8 or 9 companies.
Over time, new types of weapons appeared, combat missions became more complex and varied - with the use of easel machine guns, mortars and artillery pieces, as a result of which the structure of the battalions became more complicated. The staff was supplemented by headquarters and units providing combat and rear support (economic, transport, communications, etc.).
After World War I, the army was replenished with tank, self-propelled artillery, mortar, motorcycle, sapper, engineer, machine gun and artillery, motorized infantry and other battalions. In the Great Patriotic War, with the balance of forces and to calculate the density, motorized rifle battalions were used as the main unit. The structure and description of such a military formation is given below in the article.
Composition
The regular structure of the motorized rifle battalion is represented by the following combat units:
- Three motorized rifle companies (Msr). It is a tactical unit that primarily operates as part of a motorized rifle brigade (MSB). However, according to military experts, in areas such as intelligence and security, a company can operate autonomously. In addition, Msr - this is a fairly effective tactical airborne assault or special unit in the enemy rear.
- One mortar battery.
- One anti-tank platoon.
- Grenade and anti-aircraft missile platoons.
Also in the organizational structure of the motorized rifle battalion there is:
- Medical Center.
- A platoon that provides communication with the command and other military formations.
- Security platoon.
In the structure of the motorized rifle battalion, each of the above units performs certain tasks.
About command
The organizational structure of the motorized rifle battalion provides for the presence of a commander, his deputy in charge of personnel, and a deputy involved in armaments. The place of deployment of the deputy battalion commander is the headquarters in which he occupies the post of chief. In addition to him at the headquarters there are a commander of signalmen, a warrant officer and a clerk.
On the structure of the platoon of signalmen
At the disposal of such a formation - two commanding armored personnel carriers or infantry fighting vehicles, 8 thousand meters of cable and radio stations in the amount of 22 units. The regular structure of a separate battalion of communications of a motorized rifle brigade is presented:
- The commander of the department. He is a senior radio-telephone mechanic-driver of an armored personnel carrier or infantry fighting vehicle.
- Two radio departments (with commander, senior radio master of the first compartment and senior radio telephonist of the second).
- The driver of the second vehicle.
In total, the total strength of the communications platoon is 13 military personnel.
About the mortar battery
In the structure of a motorized rifle battalion, such a combat unit is equipped with:
- Battery operated. The management is carried out by the commander, his deputy for work with personnel. In addition, there is a foreman, a medical instructor and a senior driver.
- Management platoon with intelligence department and signalmen.
- Two fire platoons, each of which is equipped with four 120-mm mortars.
In the mortar battery, 66 people are serving. This military formation has four radio stations, a cable (4 thousand meters), mortars in the amount of 8 units and auto-tractors - 8 pieces. Sometimes the battalion includes a self-propelled battery of mortar "Nona". The division is equipped with two platoons, each of which has a Nona-S installation in an amount of 4 guns.
According to experts, it was previously planned to use the Khosta 2C34 self-propelled howitzers, a modernized version of the 2C1 Carnation, instead of mortars. At the moment, this issue is under consideration by the military leadership.
The task of the mortar battery is to suppress and destroy the manpower of the enemy and his fire weapons, the location of which became open positions, trenches and dugouts. Such a formation is able to act effectively in areas up to 4 ha.
About grenade platoon
In the structure of the motorized rifle battalion there is a platoon whose mission is to destroy enemy living forces and firepower outside of shelters. The staff includes the platoon commander and his deputy. In addition, the grenade platoon has three squads with its commanders, two senior gunner-gunners, two gunner-gunners, BTR machine gunners and drivers. The number of personnel is 26 military personnel. At the disposal of the platoon - 30-mm grenade launchers AGS-17 (6 units) and infantry fighting vehicles (3 cars).
Anti-tank platoon
Due to the fact that this unit stops the advancing enemy by firing from guns, their fire capabilities are taken into account as the main indicator. They are expressed in the number of destroyed enemy objects.
The motorized rifle battalion on infantry fighting vehicles on average hits 130 enemy infantry fighting vehicles and 80 tanks. The indicator can increase to 120 tanks and 170 combat vehicles if the structure of the MSB includes a tank company and a platoon of guided anti-tank missiles. Today in Russia there are the most advanced weapons systems.
On the composition of the battalion on infantry fighting vehicles
- The number of personnel is 462 troops.
- At the disposal of fighters - armored personnel carriers of two modifications: 37 BMP-2 vehicles and 2 - BMP-2K.
- Military personnel have a 2B9 or 2B9M "Cornflower" automatic mortar, three 82-millimeter AM and 6 82-mm mortars.
- The personnel uses 6 automatic easel grenade launchers AGS-17.
- The division has at its disposal 42 non-combat vehicles.
On the composition of the armored personnel carriers
539 people are serving in the motorized rifle battalion on the armored personnel carrier.
The formation is completed with 6 9K111 Fagot anti-tank missile systems (F ATGMs) and 9 Metis 9K115 anti-tank missile systems (M-ATGMs).
At the disposal of the personnel on the armored personnel carrier are mortars "Cornflower" 2B9 and 2B9M, and three automatic 82-mm mortars. It also provides for the presence of 6 82 mm mortars.
Number of vehicles - 43 armored personnel carriers.
About the anti-aircraft missile platoon
A similar formation in the structure of the motorized rifle battalion of the RF Armed Forces destroys enemy aircraft, helicopters, unmanned aerial vehicles and airborne assault forces. The radius of action is small and medium heights. The platoon includes:
- Platoon commander and his deputy (he also leads the unit).
- Three branches. Each has its own commander, anti-aircraft gunners (2 people), machine gunner of an armored personnel carrier, senior driver and his assistant.
The number of personnel is 16 military personnel. At the disposal of fighters - launching systems "Igla" or "Arrow-2M" in the amount of 9 guns. The platoon has three armored personnel carriers.
About the battalion medical center
A medical center is provided for the collection of the wounded and their evacuation in the structure of the motorized rifle battalion of the RF. The staff of this unit is represented by the head of the first-aid post (warrant officer), medical officer, two orderlies, a senior driver and three orderlies. At the disposal of UAZ-469 cars in the amount of 4 units and one trailer.
About the security platoon
The unit's tasks include maintenance and current repair of battalion equipment. A security platoon with a staff of 19 people functions under the direction of a warrant officer (he is the platoon commander) and his deputy - the division commander. The platoon structure includes a maintenance department, an automotive and an economic department.
During the years of the Soviet Union, this unit was equipped with reconnaissance and engineer-sapper platoons. Today, such a composition is not provided. The structure of such a unit is limited only by the following formations:
- Maintenance department. Military personnel repair military and vehicles located in the department of the battalion. The staff is represented by the commander of the department, senior auto-mechanic-accumulator, car mechanic-installer, driver-car mechanic. The personnel of the department is 4 people. Repair work is underway in the maintenance workshop. The soldiers of the unit have vehicles ZIL-131 and ZIL-135.
- Automotive Department. The staff includes a squad leader (he also acts as deputy commander of the platoon), three senior drivers and five drivers. The personnel are represented by 9 military personnel. They have three GAZ-66 trucks (with personal belongings and company property), three GAZ-66 trucks for food, and two Ural-4320 trucks for keeping ammunition.
- Household branch. The staff is a commander, a senior cook and three cooks. Personnel - 5 people. The division has trailed kitchens (4 units), four 1-AP car trailers and a portable kitchen KS-75.
Finally
In combat conditions, all the forces and means of a wide variety of military arms interact. A clear example of this is the complex organizational structure of the MCP and tank units.