The Ministry of the Interior in many states is one of the oldest and most stable structures in the reorganization plan. Moreover, it is part of a small group of departments that make up the government core. The internal affairs bodies of Russia exist for about two centuries. In the USSR, they were called the NKVD, after a regime change - the Ministry of Internal Affairs. Next, we consider in more detail the activities of the internal affairs bodies.
General information
The internal affairs bodies of the Russian Federation belong to the executive branch. They carry out various functions. The activities of the internal affairs bodies are aimed at the development and implementation of state policy, legal regulation, and the development of programs in the field of migration.
Distinctive features
The main feature of the structure is that the units included in it, among other things, perform a law enforcement function. This distinguishing feature directly and directly reflects on the powers vested in the system of internal affairs bodies. This feature is visible in the structure of the apparatus, methods and forms of implementation of functions, and in other elements of its legal status.
In any form, law enforcement is considered public. In other words, tasks are performed outside the industry: on the street, markets, squares, and other public places. This suggests that the system of internal affairs bodies - internal troops, police and other units - perform a task not of an intrasectoral nature. It was formed not to coordinate the self-maintenance of security and order, but to help establish and maintain law and order in society, both in relation to citizens and organizations.
Undoubtedly, within the industry itself there are various tasks to improve its organization, financing, equipment and so on. The effectiveness and functioning of the structure outside the industry depends on the quality and speed of solving these problems. However, with all the significance and importance of the intra-industry organization, the most priority tasks are those that are subordinate to the main function of the law enforcement sphere - security and policing in society.
Credentials
The internal affairs bodies of the Russian Federation form a large-scale structure and constitute a whole branch of government. Along with this, their powers extend to the state and the whole society within the framework of the part of the law enforcement sphere assigned to them. This purpose of the structure is determined by all the main aspects of its legal status, methods and forms of implementation, competence. The main tasks of the industry include:
- Development and implementation of domestic and migration policies.
- Management units of the Russian Airborne Forces and internal troops of the country.
- Ensuring the safety of health, life, freedoms and rights of the population of the state, foreign persons, stateless entities; combating crime, maintaining public safety, protecting property and order.
- Regulatory Regulation
- Providing legal and social protection for police officers, employees in the internal troops, state civilian officials of the Ministry of Internal Affairs.
Employees of the internal affairs bodies, citizens discharged from service in the police department and from the ranks of the troops, members of their families are entitled to receive appropriate security. In accordance with the current law, this task is assigned to the Ministry of Internal Affairs.
Directions
From the above powers, through the norms of administrative law, two types of activities are carried out: managerial and operational-search. The first is considered the most extensive of all existing sub-sectors. Work in the internal affairs bodies in this area requires a large number of employees. In this regard, the bulk of the employees are involved in performing administrative tasks. The management sphere of the Ministry of Internal Affairs unites many specific types of activities of the bodies of internal affairs and employees. Within the framework of this sub-sector, public order is supervised, administrative control, etc.
Divisions
Based on the tasks and competence of the internal affairs bodies, the structure of the industry is also being built. Currently, the system includes such main divisions and departments as:
- The central apparatus of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation.
- Police.
- The main command apparatus of the internal troops.
- Investigative Department.
- The Main Directorate of ensuring the protection of public law and order and coordination of interactions with executive authorities in the subjects.
- STSI.
- The main apparatus of the structure of private security.
- Central Office for Countering Extremism.
- The main apparatus of its own security.
- Central Office for Economic Security and Anti-Corruption.
Structural differences
From the above list of structures that form the industry, it can be seen that some internal affairs bodies of the Russian Federation have the status of a subdivision of state administration, for example, departments of internal affairs. Others are fixed as independent structural elements. This means that their powers extend beyond the structure of the Ministry of Internal Affairs itself. Such units, for example, include the traffic police.
The internal affairs bodies of the Russian Federation and independent subdivisions of the structure exercise the powers given to them through their apparatus. It has a specific device. The Central Administration of the Ministry of Internal Affairs includes departments and departments, which are formed in accordance with the principle of specialization in the performance of certain tasks within the main areas.
Legal basis
The main normative act ensuring the regulation of the activities of the Ministry of Internal Affairs system is the Constitution. The main requirements are also contained in acts of the State Duma, orders and decrees of the President, Federal Law, and government decrees. The legal justification of the activity is carried out through the norms and principles of world law, international treaties, the Regulation on the Ministry of Internal Affairs. The order of activity is also determined by other orders, instructions, regulatory acts of the department.
The functioning of the structure is carried out on the basis of the principles of respect and respect for human and civil rights, humanism, legality, transparency, close cooperation with state authorities and the government, the public, public associations, and the media. Territorial internal affairs bodies are represented by regional (regional), district, city administrations and departments.
General points of the legal status
The functions between the local administration and the Ministry of Internal Affairs are divided in the order of formation of a dual subordination system - horizontal and vertical. The management of the management apparatus is mainly focused on providing material, financial and organizational conditions for the effective implementation of the tasks assigned to the ATS. The functions of the administrative structure also include giving directions and informing about various events (fairs, demonstrations, rallies). Higher bodies of the VD solve issues of normative regulation, improvement of methods and forms of activity of officials and departments as a whole, generalization of experience and so on. Local structures carry out mainly tasks in practical prevention, suppression of illegal actions and ensuring the prosecution of criminals.
Features ATC subjects
In the territories (areas) of the Office of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, they direct subordinate bodies in cities and regions. They also carry out separate law enforcement tasks by their own means and forces. In particular, they ensure security during events of a regional (regional) scale, carry out leadership of police forces and so on.
City and district departments are the lower link of the Ministry of Internal Affairs system. In fact, they carry out the bulk of the work to ensure security and law enforcement. They have at their disposal specialized and qualified police forces and other structures of the Ministry of Internal Affairs. The scope of their activities includes the practical resolution of problems of passport regime, security and policing in squares, streets and other public places. Officials employed in these units devote a lot of time to receiving citizens, considering their complaints and applications. They also devote a lot of time to pooling the forces of the public in the fight against crime and in monitoring the activities of district inspectors.
There are two main elements in the structure of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, with the help of which standing tasks are fulfilled and powers are realized. These include the police and internal troops. In their arsenal they mainly have administrative methods and means. These units themselves belong to the law enforcement structure. The management and supervision of all subordinate elements is carried out by the Federal Internal Affairs Bodies.
Police
It is one of the most important parts of the ATS system. The constitution of the country, the relevant Federal Law, international treaties, resolutions of the President and the Government, and other regulatory acts are the legal basis for the functioning of the police. This structural element ensures the safety of citizens and policing through patrols. In 2011, a reform was carried out, as a result of which the former police were reorganized into the police.
Finally
General leadership in the field of internal affairs is carried out by the President and the Government of the country. The structure of the Ministry of Internal Affairs is entrusted with the most important tasks. The safety of the streets, the preservation of the freedoms and rights of citizens depend on the professionalism of employees. Bodies of the Ministry of Internal Affairs are actively fighting crime and protect property.
Acting as the main, central link, the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the country implements the tasks of developing and implementing measures to protect the population, facilities (regardless of their form of ownership) and taking measures to prevent and combat offenses of an administrative, criminal nature. The activities of the bodies of the Ministry of Internal Affairs include a complex of several legal forms: criminal procedural, operational investigative and administrative.
In the field of law enforcement, significant changes have taken place over the past few years. In particular, the police were reorganized, amendments were made to the legislative framework. So, the right of the detainee to make a phone call was introduced, details of the procedures for using special means and detention, a description of the powers that the police have when entering the premises, and other regulations.