Zavolzhsky Motor Plant is the main supplier of engines for Volga and Gazelle cars. The motors of this company have long been known to Russian motorists and motor technicians. Good maintainability, simplicity of design and reliability of the main systems deservedly put these engines among the best domestic engines. In addition, in the late 90s of the XX century, the plant designed and installed a distributed injection system on these engines. It is these motors, in particular, ZMZ-405, that are installed on Gazelle small trucks, Sobol minibuses and their modifications.
Of course, the injection system complicated the work and repair, but the maintenance of the engines does not cause any special problems. The same can be said about the repair of the fuel system of Gazelle and Sable cars.
Power system device
Its scheme for almost all engines with a fuel injection system is structurally the same. It consists of a tank with a module, a pump, highways, a ramp and nozzles. Auxiliary include a gas tank ventilation system, reverse fuel drain, fuel level sensor .
In a carburetor system, a ramp with nozzles is excluded from the circuit and a carburetor is added. The power supply system is also equipped with a fuel backflow system to the tank when the engine is idle.
The location of the fuel pump "Gazelle"
The fundamental difference between the carburetor and the injection system is the location of the pump. On the carburetor unit, it is located on the engine. The unit is equipped with a mechanical camshaft drive.
On the injection modification, the element is installed directly in the tank and has an electric drive. How is the Gazelle gas pump powered? Connection to the electrical system is made together with the switching of the fuel level sensor. The design is presented in the form of a pair of connectors that are on the gas tank. The pump system creates significant pressure, so the fuel reaches the nozzles at high speed. This is part of the fuel injection process. So the fuel mixes better with air before being fed into the cylinders.
Pump device
The diaphragm element on carburetor models pumps gasoline due to the vacuum created by the special gas-resistant diaphragm. On injection engines, as mentioned above, the pump is installed directly in the tank. The element is connected to a coarse filter and a fuel level sensor. Structurally, it is a vibrating electric pump in which a moving armature pumps fuel.
This option is considered much more reliable, since it does not suffer from the main drawback of gasoline pumps of carburetor engines - overheating in hot weather and lower productivity. It is the high-quality and stable operation of the element that is the basis for the correct operation of the engine, which completely depends on the quantity and brand of the mixture.
Filter Features
The fuel entering the engine is cleaned through two elements. The first (cleaner-settler) is located next to the gas tank. He retains in himself large debris, dirt and water, which is collected in a special removable glass at the bottom. The fine filter is installed in the hose gap in front of the carburetor. It is designed to delay smaller particles of dirt: fuel passes through a special cardboard enclosed in a plastic cylinder.
On injection engines, fuel is cleaned through a filter located on the intake pipe of the pump. It is a thin flat metal mesh. It effectively retains dirt and debris in the gas tank.
Troubleshooting
So what to do if the gas pump does not work? "Gazelle" in this case needs to be diagnosed. It should be noted that the most common problem is insufficient fuel pressure. It is very harmful to fuel injectors. For this reason, they fail. The first sign of a malfunction is jerking when the car is moving. The reasons for this can be both low pressure in the fuel rail and uneven operation of the pump.
Another alarming manifestation is a difficult start to the engine. Injection engines are easy to start. In case of interruptions in the operation of the gasoline pump, the engine starts from the second or third attempt. It is not good. You can check how the Gazelle 405 gasoline pump works using a special indicator for the injection engine. The diagnosis itself is quite simple - everything is indicated in the instructions for the indicator. If there is a malfunction in the electrical circuit, the engine will not start. You need to start searching for a problem by checking the fuses, relays and wiring.
Differences in the diagnosis of a diaphragm element
Since the Gazel carburetor gas pump ZMZ-402 has a mechanical drive, there is no electric component in it. Failure of this type of pump usually leads to rupture or damage to the diaphragm. Because of this, the pressure of the liquid decreases, in the worst case, its flow is completely stopped. Replacing the diaphragm is not a particular problem.
Checking the gas pump with a pressure gauge
You can also check the operation and performance of the mechanism using a special pressure gauge. It connects to the fuel rail and measures the pressure created by the pump in the system. When you turn on the ignition, the gas pump will immediately start working. "Gazelle" is not necessary to start. The pressure gauge will take pressure readings. Ideally, it should be 300-380 kPa. After that, it is necessary to turn off the pressure gauge and drive along the usual road with acceleration and braking - a standard test ride. After that, measure the pressure again. If it differs from the initial measurements, then the mechanism is defective or its resource is close to completion. Is it possible to restore it? We will talk about this below.
Repair of the Gazelle gasoline pump
On carbureted engines, the gas pump is removed quite simply. To do this, disconnect the fuel hoses, unscrew the nuts that secure the pump flange to the cylinder head. In addition, it is not necessary to dismantle the entire mechanism for repairs. To replace the diaphragm, it is enough to remove only the upper hemispherical part.
Repair of the Gazelle gasoline pump with an injection system is not possible - it must be completely replaced. To remove the element, you need to unscrew the flange ring from the gas tank, reduce the pressure in the fuel system, disconnect the wires and remove the glass together with the fuel level sensor. It all looks like this:
The pump rests on latches and is removed from the housing along with a filter, which would also be wise to replace. On sale there is a complete set consisting of a submersible nozzle with a filter and a fuel level sensor, as well as a separate fuel pump. On "Gazelle" its price is 1-2 thousand rubles. Full set - up to 4 thousand. As for the element for carburetor models, its assembly price fluctuates around 1 thousand rubles.
Conclusion
Diagnosis and repair of the Gazelle gasoline pump is a simple job, which can be done by almost any motorist who understands the principles of operation and features of the device. A minimum set of tools is required for replacement.