Diesel engines in the modern world are installed on trucks, tractors, agricultural vehicles and tractors. Domestic analogue of reliable foreign motors is YaMZ-238. It is installed on such well-known equipment as MAZ, KRAZ, KAMAZ, ZIL, DON, K-700 and other vehicles. Of course, the motor was originally intended for the products of the Minsk Automobile Plant. But over time, he proved that the YaMZ-238 engine, whose technical characteristics are high, is the best diesel engine of the USSR and the former Soviet Union, and can safely compete with such well-known brands as MAN and DAF.
General information
YaMZ-238 replaced the obsolete YaAZ-204 and YaAZ 206 engines. It was developed in the 50s by the legendary Soviet designer G. Chernyshev, who was also the author of YaMZ-236.
This engine has gained its popularity due to its reliability and compatibility with many cars and tractors. 65 years have passed since the creation of the first motor, and the popularity of these engines has only increased. The simplicity of operation, repair and maintenance made YaMZ-238 an indispensable assistant to many agricultural and construction companies that use this motor in their cars.
Of course, over the many years of development and implementation of new technologies, this engine has received many modifications, but the basic structure has not changed, only adjustments were made to the overall design.
Specifications
Consider the YaMZ-238 engine, the technical characteristics of the motor.
The engine has a V configuration of 8 cylinders, which are arranged in 2 rows. 16 valves provide perfect injection and discharge. As on the 236th, the piston stroke has 140 mm, a cylinder with a diameter of 130 mm. The liquid engine cooling system YaMZ-238 provides the maximum effect and does not allow the motor to overheat.
The working volume is 14.866 liters, and the power, depending on the modification, can be 235-420 horsepower. The YaMZ-238 engine, the technical characteristics of which allow in some cases to develop power up to 500 horsepower, is installed not only on the recommended equipment, but also on cars with other design data. Also, new versions use turbocharging, which gives even more confidence and traction during operation.
Device
TNVD YaMZ-238 is a fuel pump, which can be called a fuel station. It is located in the collapse of the power unit and delivers fuel to each cylinder separately, and injection is performed directly.
The engine has two block heads, which are made of cast iron. Steel camshaft , manufactured by stamping technology. The main power unit is made of cast iron, and the crankshaft is made from a red-hot billet by turning.
The injection system is designed so that the fuel injection pump YaMZ-238 under pressure delivers fuel to the injectors that perform the injection. The fuel equipment on this engine is considered one of the most perfect in the world. The type of this system is plunger, has a centrifugal clutch, which itself is adjustable.
The pistons are cast out of high-strength aluminum, which allows them not to break under heavy loads. Each of them has 1 oil scraper ring and 3 compression rings.
The YaMZ-238 engine, the technical characteristics and design of which is reliable and simple, has a service life of 800 thousand km, and with proper maintenance it is possible to achieve 1 million km.
Installation on other cars
The YaMZ-238 engine, whose technical characteristics are high, can be installed on other cars. So, cargo, construction and agricultural machinery were subjected to alterations. For example, KAMAZ with the YaMZ-238 engine proved to be very good, which allowed to reduce fuel consumption, in contrast to the original Kama engine.
Of course, many cars had to redo the fasteners of the power unit, install another gearbox, but all this was justified in the process of operation and repair.
Repairs
Repair of the YaMZ-238 engine is quite easy, if you give it to specialists in this field. The main problem remains the search for spare parts, but many manufacturers make it possible to choose from a wide range. With the onset of the crisis, pricing increased, but less than for foreign-made motors.
Consider which spare parts change more often when making major repairs to which the YaMZ-238 engine is subjected. Technical characteristics in this case also play a very important role, since there are several generations of the motor, and therefore there is some dissimilarity. So, we list the list of spare parts:
- Crankshaft and camshaft oil seals.
- Bearing to / shaft.
- Sleeve sets (piston, finger, sleeve, rings).
- Bushings
- Exhaust and inlet valves.
- Valve seats
- Guide bushings.
- Valve seals.
- Inserts radical and connecting rod.
- Filters
- Oil.
- Gasket set.
- And other small details.
During repairs, usually the cylinder block and crankshaft are bored for repair dimensions, and the cylinder head planes are ground. The average overhaul cost of the YaMZ-238 is about 80,000-100,000 rubles, depending on the region and the selected spare parts. It is cheaper than buying a new engine.
Service
To service the YaMZ-238 engine (whose technical characteristics have high results) is quite easy and simple. So, regular replacement of oil and filters will allow not only to develop a full working resource, but also in some cases to surpass it. Consider what needs to be changed with regular maintenance:
- Oil in a volume of 25 liters. That is how much is poured into this motor. By the way, lubricants such as M10G2K and M10DM are ideal for this diesel engine.
- Oil filter. Depending on the design and modification, it can be of different sizes and types.
- Fuel filters, which must be replaced, as the quality of domestic fuel leaves much to be desired.
- Coarse and fine fuel repair kits.
In some cases, reading nozzles and a high-pressure fuel pump is required.